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How Sportsbooks Set Odds

A sportsbook is an establishment that accepts bets on sporting events and pays winners a variable amount depending on the outcome of the contest. The wagers are placed either legally or illegally. The legality of the bookmaking industry is determined by state laws and the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA).

Legal sportsbooks offer wagers on a wide variety of sports, including popular ones like football and basketball, as well as less popular ones such as eSports and politics. They also accept bets on non-sports events, such as award ceremonies and political elections. Those betting on these events can use mobile apps to place their bets.

To make money, a sportsbook must offset the losses on each side of a bet by taking more bets than it pays out. This is known as vig, or vigorish, and it allows the sportsbook to make a profit over the long run. To achieve this, the sportsbook sets odds that differ from the probability of an event happening. They can do this through a number of methods, including computer algorithms, power rankings, and outside consultants.

One way to set odds is to take the total amount of bets placed on each team and divide it by the sportsbook’s cut (vig). For example, if a team takes in $1M in wagers and the sportsbook’s cut is 10%, they will pay out $950k. Then, they will recoup the cost of those payouts by taking in $2M in new bets. In this case, the sportsbook will have an operating margin of $950k – $1M in bets – $2.5M in new wagers = $495k.

Another way to set odds is to move the lines based on action and information that becomes available during the game. This is done to balance the action and reduce potential liabilities. For instance, if a line opens that induces lopsided action on one side, the sportsbook will lower the line to incentivize bettors to back the underdog.

Sportsbooks can also increase their edge by introducing point spreads, or handicaps. These are bets that require the team being backed to win by a certain margin or score a minimum amount of points. These are often used in football and basketball betting. Some sportsbooks even offer prop bets, which are wagers on specific occurrences or statistical benchmarks during the game.

Lastly, sportsbooks can also increase their edge by offering bettors a chance to make futures bets. These are bets on the outcome of a multi-stage event, such as a season or tournament, and can include both team and player markets. They can be a great way to make money, but they can also be risky if you’re not careful. This is why it’s important to understand the intricacies of sports betting before placing any bets.